Meningococcal Vaccine: Protection, Risk, Schedule



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Should You Get A Second COVID-19 Vaccine Booster?

Hello I'm Dr. John Whyte, the chief medical officer at WebMD. Should you get the second booster? A lot of people have been asking me that question lately. First thing I want to say is, you definitely should get the first booster.

And that's for everyone 12 and older six months after completing their COVID-19 vaccine primary series. Now, more than half of the people who are eligible still haven't received the first booster. And don't worry if it's been more than six months, since you don't have to restart the whole series to get that first booster. Now, what about the second booster, which, for people who received Pfizer and Moderna, would be their fourth shot? Who's eligible? Well, right now, you're eligible for a second COVID-19 booster if you're 50 years of age or older, and you got your first booster at least four months ago, or if you're moderately or severely immunocompromised, you're 12 years of age or older, and you got your first booster, again, at least four months ago. Now, I want to point out that you don't need any documentation to prove you're immunocompromised or if you got two doses of the J&J Janssen vaccine at least four months ago.

Here's what you should consider in your decision. Are you or someone you live with more likely to get very sick? Now, certain factors can make it more likely someone will get sick from COVID-19.

So if you're eligible for a second booster, it may be helpful to get that second booster now if you or someone you live with is moderately or severely immunocompromised, more likely to get sick, very sick from COVID 19, more likely to be exposed to COVID-19 through your job, where you live, or other factors-- maybe you have frequent travel, you're involved with large gatherings, or you live in an area with medium to high COVID-19 community levels, or if someone you live with is unvaccinated.

But can you wait? That's a very good question since we know protection from a booster decreases over time. Here's what the CDC says you may consider when you're trying to make that decision whether or not to wait for a second booster-- if you've had COVID-19 within the past three months or if you feel that getting a second booster now would make you not want to get another booster in the future because the second booster may be more important in the fall of '22 if we're going to have one or if a new vaccine for a future COVID-19 variant becomes available.

Let's be honest. We just don't know for sure. That's why you always want to talk to your health care provider or your local pharmacist if you have questions and be sure to periodically check the CDC site for any new recommendations. If you have questions for us at WebMD, drop me a line. You can email me at drjohn@webmd.Net. Thanks for watching. [MUSIC PLAYING] ","publisher":"WebMD Video"} ]]>

Hide Video Transcript

[MUSIC PLAYING]

JOHN WHYTE

Hello I'm Dr. John Whyte, the chief medical officer at WebMD. Should you get the second booster? A lot of people have been asking me that question lately. First thing I want to say is, you definitely should get the first booster.

And that's for everyone 12 and older six months after completing their COVID-19 vaccine primary series. Now, more than half of the people who are eligible still haven't received the first booster. And don't worry if it's been more than six months, since you don't have to restart the whole series to get that first booster. Now, what about the second booster, which, for people who received Pfizer and Moderna, would be their fourth shot? Who's eligible? Well, right now, you're eligible for a second COVID-19 booster if you're 50 years of age or older, and you got your first booster at least four months ago, or if you're moderately or severely immunocompromised, you're 12 years of age or older, and you got your first booster, again, at least four months ago. Now, I want to point out that you don't need any documentation to prove you're immunocompromised or if you got two doses of the J&J Janssen vaccine at least four months ago.

Here's what you should consider in your decision. Are you or someone you live with more likely to get very sick? Now, certain factors can make it more likely someone will get sick from COVID-19.

So if you're eligible for a second booster, it may be helpful to get that second booster now if you or someone you live with is moderately or severely immunocompromised, more likely to get sick, very sick from COVID 19, more likely to be exposed to COVID-19 through your job, where you live, or other factors-- maybe you have frequent travel, you're involved with large gatherings, or you live in an area with medium to high COVID-19 community levels, or if someone you live with is unvaccinated.

But can you wait? That's a very good question since we know protection from a booster decreases over time. Here's what the CDC says you may consider when you're trying to make that decision whether or not to wait for a second booster-- if you've had COVID-19 within the past three months or if you feel that getting a second booster now would make you not want to get another booster in the future because the second booster may be more important in the fall of '22 if we're going to have one or if a new vaccine for a future COVID-19 variant becomes available.

Let's be honest. We just don't know for sure. That's why you always want to talk to your health care provider or your local pharmacist if you have questions and be sure to periodically check the CDC site for any new recommendations. If you have questions for us at WebMD, drop me a line. You can email me at [email protected]. Thanks for watching. [MUSIC PLAYING]


FDA Panel Backs Booster Shot For J&J COVID-19 Vaccine

An FDA advisory committee voted unanimously in favour of a booster dose of Johnson & Johnson's one-shot COVID-19 vaccine on Friday, as panellists suggested it should have been used as a two-dose regimen from the start.

The verdict – which came the day after a third dose of Moderna's two-shot vaccine was also backed by the panel – means that all three of the COVID-19 shots used in the US vaccination programme have been deemed suitable for boosters.

J&J originally positioned its Ad26.COV2.S vaccine as a single dose option in the hope that it would make limited supplies in the early stages of the pandemic stretch further, and reduce the burden of administering it by healthcare services.

The Vaccines and Related Biologic Products advisory committee (VRBPAC) recommended a second dose of J&J's shot to all recipients of the vaccine aged over 18, at least two months after the primary shot – recognising that its efficacy is lower than that of the mRNA vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech.

Boosters for the latter were recommended by the panel only for use in older individuals, those with weakened immune systems, or who are exposed to the virus because of the living or work environment.

J&J had originally sought approval of a booster dose at six months, but given signs that immunity is waning after a single dose, the panel concluded that a shorter timeframe would be better to restore immunity.

All told, 15 million people in the US have been vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S, compared to around 226 million doses and 151 million doses, respectively, of Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna's two-shot vaccines

More than one panel member said the data with Ad26.COV2.S indicated it was more like a two-dose vaccine, and that opinion was echoed by Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), who backed second doses to shore up the immunity of those initially receiving the J&J shot.

There is now a debate ongoing however about what booster should be offered to people originally vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S, after a National Institutes of Health (NIH) study suggested that boosting with a different jab than an individual's original vaccine appears to be safe and effective.

That study found that giving Moderna or Pfizer/BioNTech as a second dose after the J&J primary stimulated higher antibody levels than a second dose of Ad26.COV2.S.

J&J presented data from its ENSEMBLE study at the adcomm meeting which showed that a booster dose given two months after the first had an efficacy of 94% against symptomatic disease in US recipients, with 100% protection against severe or critical COVID-19.

Paul Stoffels, who is retiring as head of J&J's R&D operations at the end of the year, said that "based on the totality of evidence…while a single shot offers strong and long-lasting protection against COVID-19, a booster given after the single-dose primary vaccination increases protection, in particular against symptomatic COVID-19."

At the moment only Pfizer/BioNTech's Comirnaty vaccine has been approved by the FDA for booster use, but a decision by the agency is expected in the coming days for the Moderna and J&J jabs.

After that, a Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advisory committee will then meet to determine exactly how the vaccines should be deployed, which could include recommendations on mixing and matching different shots.


Confused About COVID-19 Boosters?

Are you confused about whether you should get a COVID vaccine booster shot? Let me help try to unpack it for you. Why do some people need boosters? Although COVID-19 vaccination remains effective in preventing severe disease, more and more data suggest vaccination is less effective at preventing infection or milder illness with symptoms over time. Basically, our protection decreases over time. We still have a lot of virus circulating, so we need to protect ourselves, our families, and our communities.

Who's eligible for a booster? If you got Pfizer or Moderna, you're eligible for a booster if you're 65 years of age or older. If you're age 18 or older and you live in a long-term care setting. If you're age 18 and older and you have underlying medical conditions. If you're over the age of 18 and you work or live in high-risk settings, such as a grocery store or health care setting.

When to get a booster? At least six months after your second shot. If you received Johnson & Johnson's Janssen, you're eligible for a booster if you're 18 years of age or older. There aren't any limitations based on age or health conditions. Basically, if you got the J & J, you should get a booster. When to get a booster? At least two months after your shot.

As for which vaccine shot you should choose, most people like me are sticking with the original one they got. I got Moderna, and that's what I'm sticking with. And the booster for Moderna is half the dose.

Others prefer to choose a different one. We really don't know if one vaccine is truly better than the other. The key is to consider getting a booster if you're eligible, and not worry too much about which one it is.

In case you're wondering, you're still considered fully vaccinated two weeks after the second dose in a two-shot series, such as Pfizer or Moderna vaccine. Or two weeks after a single-dose vaccine, such as the J & J Janssen vaccine.

Now, there is one other category, people who are immunocompromised. Who's considered immunocompromised? This includes people who have cancer and are getting treatment. People who got solid organ transplant and taking immunosuppressive therapy. People with advanced or untreated HIV infection. People who take certain medicines for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease.

You might remember that people who are immunocompromised and received Pfizer or Moderna were eligible to receive a booster with either vaccine back in August. We did that because we learned through studies that if you have a compromised immune system, one or two shots aren't going to work as well because your body can't mount the same degree of response. And that puts you at risk of infection.

Now we recommend that these folks consider getting a fourth dose. The purpose of the fourth dose is the same for people who are not immunocompromised. Combat decrease in immunity. Does get a little confusing since the third dose is now not considered a booster, but rather a part of their primary vaccination series if you're immunocompromised.

I do hope that helps to clear everything up. If you're still having questions, drop me a line at drjohn@webmd.Net. ","publisher":"WebMD Video"} ]]>

Hide Video Transcript

[MUSIC PLAYING]

JOHN WHYTE

Are you confused about whether you should get a COVID vaccine booster shot? Let me help try to unpack it for you. Why do some people need boosters? Although COVID-19 vaccination remains effective in preventing severe disease, more and more data suggest vaccination is less effective at preventing infection or milder illness with symptoms over time. Basically, our protection decreases over time. We still have a lot of virus circulating, so we need to protect ourselves, our families, and our communities.

Who's eligible for a booster? If you got Pfizer or Moderna, you're eligible for a booster if you're 65 years of age or older. If you're age 18 or older and you live in a long-term care setting. If you're age 18 and older and you have underlying medical conditions. If you're over the age of 18 and you work or live in high-risk settings, such as a grocery store or health care setting.

When to get a booster? At least six months after your second shot. If you received Johnson & Johnson's Janssen, you're eligible for a booster if you're 18 years of age or older. There aren't any limitations based on age or health conditions. Basically, if you got the J & J, you should get a booster. When to get a booster? At least two months after your shot.

As for which vaccine shot you should choose, most people like me are sticking with the original one they got. I got Moderna, and that's what I'm sticking with. And the booster for Moderna is half the dose.

Others prefer to choose a different one. We really don't know if one vaccine is truly better than the other. The key is to consider getting a booster if you're eligible, and not worry too much about which one it is.

In case you're wondering, you're still considered fully vaccinated two weeks after the second dose in a two-shot series, such as Pfizer or Moderna vaccine. Or two weeks after a single-dose vaccine, such as the J & J Janssen vaccine.

Now, there is one other category, people who are immunocompromised. Who's considered immunocompromised? This includes people who have cancer and are getting treatment. People who got solid organ transplant and taking immunosuppressive therapy. People with advanced or untreated HIV infection. People who take certain medicines for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease.

You might remember that people who are immunocompromised and received Pfizer or Moderna were eligible to receive a booster with either vaccine back in August. We did that because we learned through studies that if you have a compromised immune system, one or two shots aren't going to work as well because your body can't mount the same degree of response. And that puts you at risk of infection.

Now we recommend that these folks consider getting a fourth dose. The purpose of the fourth dose is the same for people who are not immunocompromised. Combat decrease in immunity. Does get a little confusing since the third dose is now not considered a booster, but rather a part of their primary vaccination series if you're immunocompromised.

I do hope that helps to clear everything up. If you're still having questions, drop me a line at [email protected].






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