Vaccines for Children: List By Age, Benefits, Safety
Proparacaine Hcl Ophthalmic Solution
Proparacaine Hcl Ophthalmic Solution Generic Name & Formulations General DescriptionProparacaine HCl 0.5%; contains benzalkonium chloride.
Pharmacological ClassRapidly-acting topical anesthetic.
How SuppliedContact supplier.
Proparacaine Hcl Ophthalmic Solution Indications IndicationsFor procedures in which a topical ophthalmic anesthetic is indicated: corneal anesthesia of short duration (eg, tonometry, gonioscopy, removal of corneal foreign bodies), and for short corneal and conjunctival procedures.
Proparacaine Hcl Ophthalmic Solution Dosage and Administration Adults and ChildrenRemoval of foreign bodies and sutures, and for tonometry: 1–2 drops in each eye before operating. Short corneal and conjunctival procedures: 1 drop in each eye every 5–10 minutes for 5–7 doses.
Proparacaine Hcl Ophthalmic Solution ContraindicationsNot Applicable
Proparacaine Hcl Ophthalmic Solution Boxed WarningsNot Applicable
Proparacaine Hcl Ophthalmic Solution Warnings/Precautions Warnings/PrecautionsNot for injection into eye. Permanent corneal opacification with accompanying visual loss with prolonged use. Pregnancy (Cat.C). Nursing mothers.
Proparacaine Hcl Ophthalmic Solution PharmacokineticsSee Literature
Proparacaine Hcl Ophthalmic Solution InteractionsNot Applicable
Proparacaine Hcl Ophthalmic Solution Adverse Reactions Adverse ReactionsLocal effects (eg, stinging, burning, conjunctival redness); rare: severe, immediate-type hyperallergic corneal reaction.
Proparacaine Hcl Ophthalmic Solution Clinical TrialsSee Literature
Proparacaine Hcl Ophthalmic Solution Note NotesFormerly known under the brand name Ophthetic.
Proparacaine Hcl Ophthalmic Solution Patient CounselingSee Literature
How Visine Eye Drops In The Mouth Can Kill, Here Are Two Cases
Pictured here are boxes of Visine, over-the-counter eye drops produced by Johnson & Johnson. (Photo ... [+] by Roberto Machado Noa/LightRocket via Getty Images)
LightRocket via Getty ImagesDon't do what the Owen Wilson character did in the movie Wedding Crashers. Don't do most things that he did. Don't crash weddings to hook up with strangers. Don't say that people use only 10% of their hearts when you reveal only 10% of your true identity. Don't say "wow" so often. But most importantly don't put Visine eye drops in someone's drink. You could kill the person.
Just look at some recent eye dropping news. On Thursday, Lana Sue Clayton was sentenced to 25-years in prison for voluntary manslaughter. The former Veterans Affairs nurse and South Carolina resident had pleaded guilty of putting Visine eye drops in her husband's drink. No, she didn't just have bad aim. She admitted to doing this deliberately and surreptitiously. Her husband, Stephen Clayton, ended up passing away after three days. Here's an ABC News segment on the case:
As Ryan Miller reported for the Greenville News, the 53-year-old Clayton pled guilty to "voluntary manslaughter and tampering with a food or drug after she admitted to giving her husband Steven Clayton drinks laced with Visine."
Then there's the case of Joshua Lee Hunsucker, a former paramedic in North Carolina, who's been charged with first degree murder, as described by Mark Price for the Charlotte Observer. As this ABC News segment described, he allegedly used Visine eye drops to poison and eventually kill his wife, 32-year-old Stacy Robinson Hunsucker:
Per the news segment, Hunsucker and his wife had been high school sweethearts. Apparently, her death had a sweetheart of an insurance pay-out: $250,000. According to Michael Banks, reporting for the Shelby Star, Hunsucker had resisted an autopsy being done before his wife's body was cremated. As the North Carolina Department of Insurance (NCDOI) indicated, these circumstances led to an investigation by the NCDOI, the Gaston County (NC) Police Department, and Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) that then resulted in allegations of fraudulent life insurance claims. Eventually, the 35-year-old Hunsucker was arrested on December 19, 2019, and also charged with first degree murder.
I've reached out to Visine and Johnson & Johnson for comment on these cases. I will drop in updates here accordingly.
Eye drops like Visine, Murine Plus,and Clarine are marketed as ways for you to "get the red out" of your eyes. You can thank tetrahydrozoline for helping do this. Tetra-hi what? Tetrahydrozoline is a chemical that's in many of these drops. It is a member of the imidazole family that can serve as decongestants and vasoconstrictors. "Vaso" stands for vessel as in blood vessel and "constrictor" means "make more narrow." When blood vessels become more narrow, less blood can flow through them. Since blood is red, unless you are Vulcan, less blood may mean less redness.
To do their thing, such eye drops should go into your, you guessed it, eyes. Not your mouth or other orifices. Otherwise, they'd be called "other orifice drops." They are also called drops and not buckets because you are only supposed to use limited amounts. Typically, correct use is no more than two drops in your eyes six times a day. If you stay within these limits, your risk of bad toxicity may be relatively low.
It's a different story if eye drops go down your mouth. Your eyes may be bigger than your stomach, but these body parts are just not the same. That's why you don't typically eat your contact lens. Tetrahydrozoline can be absorbed through your gastrointestinal tract into your main blood circulation much more readily and then travel to your heart and central nervous system. There it can get the drop on you and slow your heart rate and lower your blood pressure to dangerous levels. It can also lead to a drop in body temperature, a coma, and, of course, death.
Eye drops go in your eyes. Not your mouth. (Photo: Getty Images)
GettyAs the two cases demonstrated, even relatively small amounts can be toxic. The smaller the body size, the less that's needed to cause major problems and even be life threatening. So if you've got children or very small actors around, make sure that you keep eye drops safe and secure. You don't want them putting even a few milliliters of the stuff into their mouths.
If you suspect someone has ingested tetrahydrozoline, do not try to make the person vomit it back up as that may actually increase their absorption of the chemical. Instead, loosen any tight clothing that they may be wearing, such as a belt, a necktie, skinny jeans, or a Black Widow's costume. If needed, administer mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Call poison control and get emergency care as soon as possible. Oh, and even if the person's eyes are red, don't give him or her more eye drops.
In general, be careful about using such eye drops, even if they go where they are supposed to go. While they are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for over-the-counter use, avoid using such medications unless you really need them. All medications can have side effects. Stop using such eye drops and call your doctor if you experience any other eye symptoms such as pain, changes in vision, pupil dilation, or excessively watery eyes when you are not watching the movie The Notebook. Watch out for any symptoms that occur beyond your eyes including a headache, dizziness, anxiety, chest pain, shortness of breath, or irregular heartbeats.
Keep in mind that such eye drops primarily help with your appearance but do not necessarily address what's actually causing the redness. Therefore, if you do have red eyes, don't just use eye drops without first trying to figure out the cause. That can be like taking ibuprofen for pain caused by a harpoon stuck in you without first saying, "maybe, I should do something about this harpoon stuck in me."
Sure, some causes of red eyes may be relatively benign. It could be from seasonal allergies, being tired, or smoking marijuana, for example. However, make sure that the redness is not from something more serious like a bad allergic reaction, an infection, glaucoma, or a harpoon. If the cause is not obvious or not minor, see your doctor as soon as possible, especially if there are accompanying symptoms such as loss of vision or the presence of a harpoon. For example, if the redness is actually blood gushing out of your eyeballs, don't just put Visine on them.
The Wedding Crashers main characters Vince Vaughn and Owen Wilson pose with Bridesmaids Models ... [+] during New Line Cinema Premiere of "Wedding Crashers" at Ziegfeld Theatre in New York, New York, United States. (Photo by Sylvain Gaboury/FilmMagic)
FilmMagicAlso, don't believe the full-of-poop claims that such eyes drops can be a way of giving someone explosive diarrhea. The movie I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell and the television series Orange Is The New Black both had scenes in which this happened. There are certainly other better ways of giving someone explosive diarrhea, not that you should ever try to give someone such misery.
In general, don't use The Wedding Crashers as a model for your behavior. Owen Wilson's hair wouldn't fly on most people. And do not put eye drops in anyone's drink, even just a few drops to "prank" someone. This would not be a good prank. With such severe and potentially deadly risks, it is just not worth the squeeze.
UPDATE (1/22/2020): Johnson & Johnson has provided the following statement about the cases: "We're deeply saddened to learn of this news and are devastated that anyone would use our product for such an abhorrent act. Using tetrahydrozoline (active ingredient in Visine) on the surface of the eye has been demonstrated to be safe for self-use for more than 50 years. Visine is clearly labeled for external use only and should never be swallowed."
Best Over-the-Counter Eye Drops Of 2024
Before buying any type of eye drops, it's important to speak with your doctor so they can evaluate your issue. In some cases, OTC eye drops are sufficient, but in other situations, you may need prescription medicated drops.
If your issue can be resolved with OTC eye drops, you should know that there are drops with preservatives and others without them. The preservative-free eye drops are generally safe for most people -- including pregnant people. Drops with preservatives should be used more conservatively because they can worsen some cases. The same is true for other drops, such as the ones for redness relief.
"Poor-quality artificial tears, or ones that tout the red out, often have chemicals that can cause problems including rebound redness, dilation of the eyes, corneal toxicity, blurred vision and worsening of dry eye disease," Koetting warned.
Dr. Edmund Farris, an associate clinical professor of ophthalmology at Mount Sinai, added that these preservatives have the ability to change aspects of the eye. He said, "the preservatives in most drops can alter the corneal surface and cause loss of these superficial corneal cells, which may eventually lead to more symptoms." So if you're using these types of drops too often, this can become an issue.
Some signs to look out for if you think you're having a negative reaction to eye drops include redness that gets worse, irritation, blurred vision and a burning or grittiness sensation. Oftentimes this occurs due to the preservatives found in some drops. Koetting said that if these symptoms don't improve, it can indicate an allergy or sensitivity to the drops. "However, if a person notices that they are having an increase in itching, swelling around the eye or the whites of the eyes become swollen and red, they should immediately discontinue the drop and call an eye care professional," she added.
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